• A number of anti diabetic drugs are available that

  2021-12-20

  

  A number of anti-diabetic drugs are available that inhibit α-glucosidase activity, including acarbose, voglibose and miglitol [6,7]. These inhibitors, however, also exhibit undesirable side effects, such as adverse gastrointestinal symptoms and liver toxicity [8,9]. For diabetics, it would therefore

• br Materials and methods br Acknowledgments We

  2021-12-20

  

  Materials and methods Acknowledgments We are grateful for financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 81661148046 and 81773762, China) and the “Personalized Medicines—Molecular Signature-based Drug Discovery and Development”, Strategic Priority Research

• br Introduction Fructose bisphosphatase FBPase EC catalyses

  2021-12-20

  

  Introduction Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase; EC 3.1.3.11) catalyses the irreversible reaction of hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate [1]. Genetic and kinetic studies so far have demonstrated that at least two distinct isoenzymes of FBPase e

• In the Medicines for Malaria

  2021-12-20

  

  In 2011 the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) distributed the Open-Access Malaria Box to accelerate antimalarial drug discovery (Spangenberg et al., 2013). The Malaria Box consists of 400 structurally diverse compounds, curated from >20,000 hits generated from large-scale screens, that inhibit th

• Posttraining memory facilitation by histamine infused into t

  2021-12-20

  

  Posttraining memory facilitation by histamine infused into the dorsal hippocampus was also observed in two more recently described and very important non-aversive forms of memory: object recognition (da Silveira, Furini, Benetti, Monteiro, & Izquierdo, 2013) and social recognition (Garrido Zinn et a

• Classically HIF levels and consequently HIF transcriptional

  2021-12-20

  

  Classically HIF-α levels and consequently HIF transcriptional activity have been associated with hypoxic conditions. However, some years ago, regulation by hormones of HIF transcriptional activity under normoxic conditions was demonstrated. Different stimuli such as heregulin, IGF1 and insulin, amon

• Three main mechanisms have been proposed for the secretion

  2021-12-18

  

  Three main mechanisms have been proposed for the secretion of active forms of hedgehog ligands: first, construction of a multimeric molecule with lipid moieties placed on the inside, making a soluble Hh protein which can diffuse from the membrane; second, function of dispatched proteins through pack

• Protein structures determined in high resolution by X ray

  2021-12-18

  

  Protein structures determined in high resolution by X-ray crystallography and NMR techniques provide wealth of structural information on intra-domain and inter-domain protein interactions of small sized proteins. In addition, cryo-EM often provides low resolution structures of multi-component protei

• br Material and methods br

  2021-12-18

  

  Material and methods Results Consistent with our previous study, SR-SIM and confocal microscopy showed a large number of IBA1-expressing alk5 australia in all parts of the human cochleae (Fig. 1). IBA1, the microglial and macrophage-specific calcium-binding protein, is involved in the membrane

• br Conclusion br Author contributions br Competing interests

  2021-12-18

  

  Conclusion Author contributions Competing interests Acknowledgments Introduction Reproductive performance is a major factor affecting profitability of dairy farms. The use of GnRH and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in a coordinated fashion allows cows to be inseminated as a result of the u

• The ghrelin receptor is expressed

  2021-12-18

  

  The ghrelin receptor is expressed in a number of human malignancies including prostatic carcinoma cell lines [18,19] and tissues [20], breast carcinoma tumours and cell lines [21], testicular tumours [22], and malignant ovarian cysts and tumours [23]. In addition, it has an elevated level of express

• As many of the above studies highlight several decades of

  2021-12-18

  

  As many of the above studies highlight, several decades of research on Cx43 has revealed that many of these functional roles are attributed to the C-terminal domain (CT) of this protein which cannot be explained by the formation and existence of intercellular channels. Recent findings on the existen

• Gal is a amino acid residue peptide

  2021-12-17

  

  Gal is a 29-amino Nalidixic acid residue peptide, comprising 30 amino acids in humans, isolated from the porcine intestine 30 years ago (Tatemoto et al., 1983). It has been shown to be involved in the regulation of numerous processes, including neuroendocrine control of systems such as the hypothal

• The GABA A receptors containing the subunit are crucial for

  2021-12-17

  

  The GABA-A receptors containing the δ subunit are crucial for the mediation of non-synaptic inhibition in the dentate gyrus; thus, the decreased expression of the δ subunit may suggest a decrease in the inhibitory tone and an increase in the neuronal excitability. Moreover, the GABA-A receptors cont

• In addition several other considerations were made for the

  2021-12-17

  

  In addition, several other considerations were made for the optimization exercise. While the structural features of the endogenous ligands for long-chain fatty Cabazitaxel receptors suggest obtaining orthosteric agonists with drug-like properties may be challenging, the optimization efforts were co

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