• The basis for the protonation of

  2025-02-08

  

  The basis for the protonation of chitosan is the alkaline primary amino group, which is also the reason for the special properties of chitosan (Guibal, Van Vooren, Dempsey, & Roussy, 2006; Tamer et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2014). Our previous work (Meng et al., 2012) and several other reports (Yan et

• Studies have demonstrated that AT plays a greater role in

  2025-02-08

  

  Studies have demonstrated that AT2 plays a greater role in modulating arterial pressure in females than in males. Chronic low-dose infusion of Ang II decreased blood pressure in female rats at a dose that had negligible effects in males. Furthermore, AT2 blockade eliminates the depressor response to

• dGTP sodium salt The findings from our previous study indica

  2025-02-08

  

  The findings from our previous study indicate that mitochondrial biogenesis of astrocytes is increased under experimental septic condition [25]. Recent studies have shown that IL-6 can activate AMPK by increasing the concentration of AMP [26], while AMPK regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and autoph

• Epicatechin-catechin dimer There is a growing literature on

  2025-02-08

  

  There is a growing literature on ABCA2 expression in human biopsies, where it has been described as a potential biomarker of leukemias. In childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ABCA2 and ABCA3 were expressed at high levels, which upon treatment with methotrexate, vinblastine and doxorubicin

• Introduction Epinephrine is an endocrine hormone mainly

  2025-02-08

  

  Introduction Epinephrine is an endocrine hormone mainly produced by adrenal medulla in response to stress (Tank and Lee Wong, 2015). This catecholamine exerts various major physiological effects, concerning notably the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system and the endocrine system, through

• br Acknowledgements The authors would like to

  2025-02-08

  

  Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Dr. Bradford B. Lowell for providing us with β-less and WT breeding pairs. Funding sources: This work was supported by NIH Grant DK028082 (to E.M.F) and by an Institutional Research Training Grant NRSA 5T32DK751627 (to N.D.). Introduction The e

• An important observation in our

  2025-02-08

  

  An important observation in our study is the lack of effect of paroxetine pretreatment alone on β2AR membrane expression, which suggests that paroxetine, and pharmacologic inhibition of GRK2 in general, does not directly induce changes in receptor dynamics. Rather, the decreased ligand-induced β-arr

• The nAChR has been considered an interesting potential targe

  2025-02-08

  

  The α7 nAChR has been considered an interesting potential target for numerous therapeutic indications over the last two decades, with GTS-21 one of the first candidates proposed for Alzheimer's disease [2], [3], [23]. Unfortunately, although many α7-selective agonists have been developed [21], none

• The SKOV and SKOV TR cells were exposed

  2025-02-07

  

  The SKOV3 and SKOV3TR pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide were exposed to stepwise increased concentration of paclitaxel with or without a different concentration of autophagy inhibitor (3-MA or HCQ) to further evaluate whether suppression of autophagy affected the growth and drug sensit

• Secondly leptin has been shown to enhance aromatase mRNA

  2025-02-07

  

  Secondly, leptin has been shown to enhance aromatase mRNA expression, aromatase content and its enzymatic activity in epithelial breast cancer NSC59984 receptor by inducing promoters II and I.3 via an enhanced binding of transcription activator protein 1 (AP-1) complex to specific DNA sites in the

• Researchers demonstrated that mitochondria are the main prod

  2025-02-07

  

  Researchers demonstrated that mitochondria are the main producers of ROS and are the most sensitive to the effects of ROS. Mitochondria-mediated apoptosis may not be limited to the role of cytochrome c in the activation of caspase-3 and ROS may provide an alternate mitochondrial signaling pathway (H

• The mitochondrial protein AIF was the first caspase

  2025-02-07

  

  The mitochondrial protein AIF was the first caspase-independent death effector. AIF can induce caspase-independent chromatin condensation and large-scale DNA fragmentation to approximately 50 KB. AIF that is released to cytoplasm can mediate apoptosis when special extracellular signals trigger the o

• As the experimental procedure used could reflect agonist

  2025-02-07

  

  As the experimental procedure used could reflect agonist-stimulation of both anterograde and retrograde APJ trafficking, as has been described for the δ-opioid peptide receptor (Zhang et al., 2006b, Zhang et al., 2006a), receptor internalization was more directly monitored by loading cell surface HA

• Phenolic compounds show reciprocal relationship with colonic

  2025-02-07

  

  Phenolic compounds show reciprocal relationship with colonic microflora. Phenolic compounds are able to improve colonic health and modulate microbiota diversity with prebiotic and antimicrobial functions, while colonic bacterial enzymes catalyze deconjugation, dehydroxylation, and convert phenolic c

• The habit of prescribing antibiotics just

  2025-02-07

  

  The habit of prescribing Signal transduction “just-in-case” there is an infection is based on the misguided perception that antibiotics are “safe” drugs and therefore pose little risk to patients. Surgeons need to dispel this myth. In the outpatient setting, antibiotic-associated ADEs account for 1

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